Endemic to the coast of southwestern Africa, from Angola south through Namibia to South Africa. Primarily found on sandy beaches, salt pans, and coastal lagoons, especially in arid and semi-arid regions.

Look for its very small size, black cap (breeding), white underparts, and short, dark bill. In non-breeding plumage, the cap becomes streaked. Observe its quick, erratic flight over shallow coastal waters as it hunts for small fish and invertebrates. Approach quietly and avoid disturbing nesting sites due to its endangered status.

Resident year-round in its range, with breeding primarily occurring from October to March. Best observed during daylight hours along remote coastal stretches.