This species prefers dense, bushy undergrowth in woodlands, scrublands, thickets, gardens, and parks, often near water sources. It is found across most of Europe and parts of Asia during the breeding season and winters in sub-Saharan Africa. Look for suitable habitats with dense cover.

The Common Nightingale is notoriously shy and well-camouflaged, making it difficult to spot visually. The best way to identify it is by its unmistakable song, a rich and complex series of whistles, trills, and gurgles, often performed with surprising volume. Listen for its distinctive 'chook-chook' call if agitated.

Birdwatchers are most likely to hear the Common Nightingale during the breeding season, typically from April to July in its European range. Males sing most intensely at dawn and dusk, but famously continue to sing throughout the night to attract mates and defend territory. They are present in their breeding grounds from spring until late summer before migrating south.