Widespread across temperate and subarctic regions of Eurasia, Africa, and North America. Breeds on freshwater lakes, ponds, and marshes with abundant open water and emergent vegetation. Winters on large freshwater or brackish lakes and coastal waters.

In breeding plumage, look for the black head and neck, slender body, and the distinctive fan-shaped golden plumes extending from behind the eye. In winter, they are plainer, mostly black and white with a smudgy appearance on the cheeks. Look for its frequent diving and tendency to swim low in the water. Listen for its high-pitched, whinnying calls.

Most easily observed during the breeding season (spring to summer) when their striking plumage is visible and they are often in colonies. Also present on wintering grounds, though less colorful.