Breeds in scattered populations across southern and eastern Europe, and central and western Asia, preferring saline or brackish lakes and marshes with emergent vegetation. Winters in larger, ice-free saline lakes and coastal lagoons, particularly in the Mediterranean Basin and Southwest Asia.

Look for them on larger, often saline or brackish, wetlands, where they spend most of their time on the water. Males are unmistakable with their white head (except for a black crown) and bright blue bill. Females are browner with a dark cap and a dark stripe across a whitish cheek. They often hold their tail stiffly erect like the Ruddy Duck.

Best observed during spring and summer in breeding areas, or in winter on larger, often saline, wetlands.