Found widely across North America, from the Arctic tundra to temperate wetlands, agricultural fields, and urban parks. Also introduced to parts of Europe and Asia.

Observe flocks carefully for size differences. Cackling Geese are noticeably smaller, with shorter necks and smaller bills, and often have a 'cuter' appearance and higher-pitched calls than Canada Geese. However, some smaller Canada Goose subspecies overlap in size with larger Cackling Goose subspecies, requiring careful observation of proportions and vocalizations.

Year-round in many settled areas; migratory movements during spring and autumn are highly visible, with large flocks traveling between breeding and wintering grounds.