This species prefers dense, damp vegetation, often found in deciduous or mixed forests, wet thickets, scrubland, and overgrown gardens, particularly near water. Its breeding range extends across Central and Eastern Europe into Western Siberia, while it winters extensively in sub-Saharan Africa.

Spotting a Thrush Nightingale can be challenging due to its shy and secretive nature, as it typically forages on the ground or within dense cover. The best way to locate this bird is by listening for its loud, melodious song, especially during dawn, dusk, and even through the night in the breeding season. Its plumage is dull and camouflaged, blending well with its habitat, making visual identification difficult.

The Thrush Nightingale is most vocal during the breeding season from late spring through early summer (typically May to July in its European range). It is a nocturnal as well as diurnal singer, making it possible to hear its song at various times, particularly at night. During migration periods in spring (April-May) and autumn (August-September), it can be encountered in a wider variety of habitats as it moves between its breeding and wintering grounds.