Birds
File:Penelopides affinis.jpg

Mindanao Hornbill

Mindanao Hornbill

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The Mindanao Hornbill is a medium-sized hornbill endemic to Mindanao and surrounding islands in the southern Philippines. It features a glossy black body, a rufous head and underparts, and a pale bill with black markings, making it a distinctive forest inhabitant.
Where to spot
Endemic to Mindanao and nearby islands (e.g., Basilan, Dinagat, Siargao) in the southern Philippines. Inhabits primary and mature secondary lowland evergreen forests.
How to spot
Look for its black body, rufous head and underparts, and pale bill with black markings. Its distribution in the southern Philippines is key. Listen for its rhythmic 'tarictic' calls.
When to spot
Resident year-round. Active during the day, often seen in pairs or small groups foraging in fruit trees.
File:Penelopides affinis.jpg
File:Penelopides affinis (cropped).jpg
File:Penelopides affinis 2.jpg
File:Penelopides affinis.jpg
Credits: Wikimedia Commons
File:Penelopides affinis (cropped).jpg
Credits: Wikimedia Commons
File:Penelopides affinis 2.jpg
Credits: Wikimedia Commons
Mindanao Hornbills are crucial seed dispersers within their forest habitats, consuming a variety of fruits and playing a role in the regeneration and health of the ecosystem.
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